Multi Wave Spring Washers

This is a summary of our Multi Turn Wave Spring products, if you need something that isn´t listed here, please do not hesitate to contact us. We can provide surprisingly cost effective bespoke solutions.

EdgeWound versus Stamped

You will see when we cover the Multi Turn Wave Spring Products, Reliable uses Eccentric Presses to produce our Single Turn Wave Springs, and we only use what we assume is a similar method to Edgewind on our Multi Turn Wave Springs. This is because with Tooling on an Eccentric Press, we avoid destroying the integrity of the radial sweep of the spring. Our Wave Springs do not have ¨cut-outs¨, we can explain our calculations to anyone who seeks clarity, our results are accurate and predictable and we do not allow our manufacturing technique to dictate the quality of our products.

However, when it comes to producing Multi Turn Wave Spring Stacks there is nothing better than some form of Edgewinding, which is how we go about our manufacturing. This does impose different operational constraints, and you will notice from the Product data we provide, that we work backwards from the

Many of the multi turn wave springs are duplicates of a single springs´ base dimensions, but because greater preload might be required, slight modifications have been made, such as the material thickness, number of turns, number of waves per turn and overall height. These multi-wave spring washers are made from annealed SAE1075 Spring Steel, as the default base material, and then hardened by quenching and double tempered to reach Rockwell C hardness of between 46-50. Alternatively we use AISI 301 stainless steel, and can use INCONEL x750 for environments with high ambient temperatures.

The following abbreviations are used in the Product Tables Below:

  • N is the number of waves per Turn, (because Crest must align to Trough these must always be integer plus 1/2!!)
  • Z is the number of turns that make up the stack
  • Di : Inner Diameter with no Load
  • De : Outer Diameter with no Load
  • DLoad : Outer Diameter expansion under Load
  • t : Material Thickness
  • D is the Mean Diameter and is the average of the diameters:: (Di+De divided by 2)
  • b is the Radial width of the washer
  • L0 is the unloaded free height of the wave spring
  • WPL is the travel to Preload (s is also used) or deflection - the difference between, L0, material thickness and HPL
  • HPL, is the Nominal Height of the Wave Spring at Preload
  • LoadPL, is the Load at the Preload Setting
  • σPL - Stress Induced at Preload
  • WTobs is the working travel to Load, the difference between, L0, material thickness and HL
  • HL is the Nominal Height of the Wave Spring at maximum design load
  • Pobs and Pder - Testing Observed Load vs Theoretical
  • σL - Stress Induced at Design Load
  • k is the Spring Rate - derived from 1st Principles and by definition
  • We finish off with Fatigue Data, Ratio and Life measured in cycles

Multi-Wave Washer Sizes

These dimensions pertain to multi wave washers which have more than 3 upper and 3 lower contact points.